All other appellation as to who this Purusha is the imagination and inklings of the later interpreters. Purusha Suktham in its original form as it appears in the Rig Veda X does not call Purusha by any other name other than Purusha. denoting a Supreme Being do not occur in the pre-christian part of Rig Veda. Isam, Isvar, Paramatma, Maheswara, Parameswara, Prabhu, Bhagavan etc. Vedic religion did not have a concept of a Supreme God who was the creator of the universe and who is immanent and yet transcends his creation. The concept of Purusha stands apart from the others even among the four. Manas (Thought), prominent concept, deified in 10.58 Dakshina (Reward), prominent concept, deified in 10.107 Jnanam (Knowledge), prominent concept, deified in 10.71 Purusha ("Cosmic Man" of the Purusha sukta 10.90)Īll these four concepts are totally alien to the pre-christian part of the Rig Veda. Thus, in the Rig Veda, there are eight Vasus (Elements), twelve dityas (Suns), eleven Rudras (Fierce forms), among other minor gods. The language, style and content of Rig Veda X are totally distinct from the rest of the Rig Vedic hymns which are addressed to forces of nature. They were essentially used in sacrifices and yajnas. They were not considered sacred scriptures until as late as the sixth century AD. Thus we should expect redactions and interpolations to help later religious movements or for sheer poetic presentation. All of these were modified in time by those who retold the hymns or rewritten them with additions, interpolations and embellishments. But Mandala I and X were written probably only by the fourth century AD. Earlier portions of Rig Veda were written down in Vedic (IndoEuorpean, Avestan) language only by the second century BC even though it might have been in existence and use in fragments much earlier. Book X is the most recent and is written as late as the fourth century AD. The hymns in books I and X are composed by different families or schools. Books II to VII are considered as the work of a single seer and/or tradition (just as the early Jewish prophetic schools), and so are called "family books. The Rig Veda texts are a collection of the work of generations of poets, and priests extending over many centuries. IntroductionThe Purusha Suktham occurs in the tenth mandala of Rig Veda.
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Sri Purusha SuktamTranslation with Commentary by Prof.M.M.Ninan